AKTIVISME DIGITAL DAN GERAKAN MENUJU PERUBAHAN SOSIAL: TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS GERAKAN MEDIA SOSIAL
Kata Kunci:
Aktivisme Digital, Media Sosial, Perubahan Sosial, Komunikasi Politik, Sistematik ReviewAbstrak
Tinjauan literatur sistematis ini mengeksplorasi peran media sosial dalam aktivisme digital serta signifikansinya dalam memobilisasi dan meningkatkan kesadaran terhadap isu-isu sosial dan politik. Melalui analisis terhadap 26 studi relevan yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2020 hingga 2024, tinjauan ini menunjukkan bahwa platform media sosial memberdayakan individu dan kelompok terutama generasi muda untuk menyebarkan informasi, membangun kesadaran kolektif, dan terlibat dalam wacana publik. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivisme digital memiliki potensi transformatif dalam mendemokratisasi komunikasi dan memperkuat suara kelompok marjinal. Namun, masih terdapat tantangan seperti penyebaran misinformasi, pembajakan aktivisme oleh agenda konspiratif, serta kesulitan dalam mengukur dampak dari aksi-aksi berani terhadap perubahan sosial dan kebijakan. Studi ini juga mengidentifikasi teori-teori yang paling sering digunakan (misalnya Teori Gerakan Sosial, Teori Framing dan Connective Action), metode penelitian (Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan campuran), serta konteks isu seperti keadilan rasial, feminisme, aktivisme lingkungan, dan disinformasi. Sebagian besar penelitian berfokus pada twitter (x) dan menunjukkan perlunya analisis lintas platform dalam studi mendatang. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun media sosial menjadi alat penting dalam aktivisme digital, dibutuhkan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengembangkan strategi komunikasi yang efektif, mengukur dampak jangka panjang, dan mengeksplorasi dinamika aktivisme di wilayah Global South. Pada akhirnya, studi ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pengembangan ilmu komunikasi dengan menekankan kompleksitas dan dinamika aktivisme digital dalam mendorong perubahan sosial yang berkelanjutan.
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